How Light Can Control Brain Cells: Nobel Prize-Winning Discovery Explained

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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel for research that transformed scientists' ability to study how individual nerve cells are switched on and off.

Their work centres on light-gated ion channels and optogenetics, a technique that allows researchers to use light to control the activity of specific neurons.

The Nobel Assembly said the method is now used in laboratories around the world to investigate the mysteries of the brain.

Karl Deisseroth, 54, is based at Stanford University in California. Peter Hegemann, 71, works at Humboldt University in Berlin, while Georg Nagel, 73, is based at the University of Würzburg in Germany.

Their research has given neuroscientists a powerful way to study individual neural circuits with much greater precision, helping researchers investigate how the brain controls behaviour, movement and other functions.

The Nobel Prize recognises their foundational discoveries in optogenetics and the mechanisms that allow light to control the activity of nerve cells.


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